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BOOK: Fundamentals of English Grammar by Betty Azar (3rd Edition)
CHOOSE A CHAPTER TO STUDY:
ONE |
TWO | THREE |
FOUR | FIVE |
SIX | SEVEN |
EIGHT
NINE |
TEN | ELEVEN |
TWELVE | THIRTEEN |
FOURTEEN
 Chapter 1 PRESENT TIME
- 1-1 The Simple Present and The Present Progressive
- 1-2 Forms of The Simple Present and The Present Progressive
- 1-3 Frequency Adverbs
- 1-4 Final -S
- 1-5 Spelling of Final -S/-ES
- 1-6 Non-Action Verbs
- 1-7 Present Verbs: Short Answers To Yes/No Questions
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Chapter 2 PAST TIME
- 2-1 Expressing Past Time: The Simple Past
- 2-2 Forms Of The Simple Past: Regular Verbs
- 2-3 Forms Of The Simple Past: Be Verb
- 2-4 Regular Verbs: Pronunciation of -ED Endings
- 2-5 Spelling of -ING and -ED
- 2-6 The Principal Parts of a Verb
- 2-7 Irregular Verbs: A Reference List
- 2-8 The Simple Past and The Past Progressive
- 2-9 Forms of The Past Progressive
- 2-10 Expressing Past Time: Using Time Clauses
- 2-11 Expressing Past Habit: USED TO
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Chapter 3 FUTURE TIME
- 3-1 Expressing Future Time: BE GOING TO and WILL
- 3-2 Forms With Be Going To
- 3-3 Forms With Will
- 3-4 Sureness About The Future
- 3-5 BE GOING T0 vs. WILL
- 3-6 Expressing Future Time in Time Clauses and If-Clauses
- 3-7 Using The Present Progressive To Express Future Time
- 3-8 Using The Simple Present To Express Future Time
- 3-9 Immediate Future: Using Be About To
- 3-10 Immediate Future: Using BE ABOUT TO
- 3-10 Parallel Verbs
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Chapter 4 The PRESENT PERFECT and The PAST PERFECT
- 4-1 The Past Participle
- 4-2 Forms of The Present Perfect
- 4-3 Meanings of The Present Perfect
- 4-4 Using The Simple Past vs. The Present Perfect
- 4-5 Using SINCE and FOR
- 4-6 The Present Perfect Progressive
- 4-7 The Present Perfect vs. The Present Perfect Progressive
- 4-8 Using ALREADY, YET, STILL, and ANYMORE
- 4-9 Using The Past Perfect
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Chapter 5 ASKING QUESTIONS
- 5-1 Yes/No Questions And Short Answers
- 5-2 Yes/No Questions and Information Questions
- 5-3 Using WHO, WHO(M), and WHAT
- 5-5 Spoken And Written Contractions With Question Words
- 5-6 Using WHAT + A Form of DO
- 5-7 Using WHAT KIND of
- 5-8 Using WHICH
- 5-9 Using WHOSE
- 5-10 Using HOW
- 5-11 Using HOW OFTEN
- 5-12 Using HOW FAR
- 5-13 Expressing LENGTH of TIME: IT + TAKE
- 5-14 More Questions With How
- 5-15 Using HOW ABOUT and WHAT ABOUT
- 5-16 Tag Questions
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Chapter 6 NOUNS and PRONOUNS
- 6-1 Pronunciation Of Final -S/-ES
- 6-2 Plural Forms of Nouns
- 6-3 Subjects, Verbs, And Objects
- 6-4 Objects of Prepositions
- 6-5 Prepositions Of Time
- 6-6 Word Order: Place And Time
- 6-7 Subject-Verb Agreement
- 6-8 Using Adjectives To Describe Nouns
- 6-9 Using Nouns as Adjectives
- 6-10 Personal Pronouns: SUBJECTS and OBJECTS
- 6-11 Possessive Nouns
- 6-12 Possessive Pronouns And Adjectives
- 6-13 Reflexive Pronouns
- 6-14 Singular Forms of OTHER: ANOTHER vs. The OTHER
- 6-15 Plural Forms of OTHER: OTHER(S) vs. The OTHER(S)
- 6-16 Summary Of Forms Of Other
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Chapter 7 MODAL AUXILIARIES
- 7-1 The Form of Modal Auxiliaries
- 7-2 Expressing Ability: CAN and COULD
- 7-3 Expressing Possibility: MAY and MIGHT
Expressing Permission: MAY and CAN
- 7-4 Using COULD to Express Possibility
- 7-5 Polite Questions: MAY, COULD, CAN
- 7-6 Polite Questions: WOULD YOU, COULD YOU
- 7-7 Expressing Advice: SHOULD, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER
- 7-8 Expressing Advice: Had Better
- 7-9 Expressing Necessity: HAVE TO, HAVE GOT TO, MUST
- 7-10 Expressing Lack of Necessity: DO NOT HAVE TO
Expressing Prohibition: MUST NOT
- 7-11 Making Logical Conclusions: MUST
- 7-12 Giving Instructions: Imperative Sentences
- 7-13 Making Suggestions: LET'S and WHY DON'T
- 7-14 Stating Preferences: PREFER, LIKE..BETTER, WOULD RATHER
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Chapter 8 CONNECTING IDEAS
- 8-1 Connecting Ideas with AND
- 8-2 Connecting Ideas with BUT and OR
- 8-3 Connecting Ideas with SO
- 8-4 Using Auxiliary Verbs after BUT and AND
- 8-5 Usuing AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
- 8-6 Connecting Ideas With BECAUSE
- 8-7 Connecting Ideas With EVEN THOUGH / ALTHOUGH
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Chapter 9 COMPARISONS
- 9-1 Making Comparisons With AS...AS
- 9-2 Comparative And Superlative
- 9-3 Comparative And Superlative Forms Of Adjectives And Adverbs
- 9-4 Completing A Comparative
- 9-5 Modifying Comparatives
- 9-6 Comparisons With LESS...THAN and NOT AS...AS
- 9-7 Unclear Comparisons
- 9-8 Using More With Nouns
- 9-9 Repeating A Comparison
- 9-10 Using Double Comparatives
- 9-11 Using Superlatives
- 9-12 Using The Same, Similar, Different, Like, And Alike
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Chapter 10 PASSIVE VOICE
- 10-1 Active Sentences and Passive Sentences
- 10-2 Form Of The Passive
- 10-3 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
- 10-4 Using the "BY-PHRASE"
- 10-5 The Passive Forms of the Present and Past Progressive
- 10-6 Passive Modal Auxiliaries
- 10-7 Using Past Participles As Adjectives (Stative Passive)
- 10-8 Participial Adjectives: -ED Vs. -ING
- 10-9 GET + Adjective; GET + Past Participle
- 10-10 Using "BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO" and "GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO"
- 10-11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
- 10-12 Using "BE SUPPOSED TO"
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Chapter 11 COUNT / NONCOUNT NOUNS and ARTICLES
- 11-1 A vs. AN
- 11-2 Count And Noncount Nouns
- 11-3 Noncount Nouns
- 11-4 More Noncount Nouns
- 11-5 Using Several, A Lot Of, Many / Much, And A Few / A Little
- 11-6 Nouns That Can Be Count Or Noncount
- 11-7 Using Units Of Measure With Noncount Nouns
- 11-8 Guidelines for Article Usage
- 11-9 Using The Or Ø With Names
- 11-10 Capitalization
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Chapter 12 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
- 12-1 Adjective Clauses: Introduction
- 12-2 Using WHO and WHOM in Adjective Clauses
- 12-3 Using WHO, WHOM, and THAT in Adjective Clauses
- 12-4 Using WHICH and THAT In Adjective Clauses
- 12-5 Singular And Plural in Adjective Clauses
- 12-6 Using Prepositions In Adjective Clauses
- 12-7 Using Whose In Adjective Clauses
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Chapter 13 GERUNDS & INFINITIVES
- 13-1 Verb + Gerund
- 13-2 Go + -ING, etc.
- 13-3 Verb + Infinitive
- 13-4 Verb + Gerund or Infinitive
- 13-5 Preposition + Gerund
- 13-6 Using BY and WITH to Express How Something is Done
- 13-7 Using Gerunds as Subjects: Using IT + Infinitive
- 13-8 IT + Infinitive: Using FOR (SOMEONE)
- 13-9 Infinitive OF PURPOSE: Using IN ORDER TO and FOR
- 13-10 Using Infinitives With TOO & ENOUGH
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Chapter 14 NOUN CLAUSES
- 14-1 Noun Clauses: Introduction
- 14-2 Noun Clauses That Begin With A Question Word
- 14-3 Noun Clauses With Who, What, Whose + Be
- 14-4 Noun Clauses Which Begin With If Or Whether
- 14-5 Noun Clauses Which Begin With That
- 14-6 Other Uses Of That-Clauses
- 14-7 Substituting So For A That-Clause In Conversational Responses
- 14-8 Quoted Speech
- 14-9 Quoted Speech Vs. Reported Speech
- 14-10 Verb Forms In Reported Speech
- 14-11 Common Reporting Verbs: Tell, Ask, Answer/Reply
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